https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choked_flow
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orifice_plate
From choked flow:
"The choked flow of gases is useful in many engineering applications because the mass flow rate is independent of the downstream pressure, and depends only on the temperature and pressure and hence the density of the gas on the upstream side of the restriction. Under choked conditions, valves and calibrated orifice plates can be used to produce a desired mass flow rate."
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