Nitride case hardening has been applied to all barrels surfaces including the interior diameter (ID), outer diameter (OD), and the gas port bore. The white layer and case hardening are evident throughout the barrel. These are particularly evident in the Location 4 metallographic images, see Figure 2.
A uniform white layer was present through the barrel. The thickness was measured at locations 2 and 5 and averaged 9.8 ± 1.4 μm (0.00039 ± 0.00006 in) where the stated uncertainty corresponds to one standard deviation (σ ) of the measured average.
The hard and brittle white layer is of a concern. This layer may spall during operation, entraining abrasive particles in the bullet/gas stream and leaving bore surface asperities. Complete removal of an average thickness white layer from the bore during firing would result in a diameter increase of 20 μm. The manufacturing drawing for the similar M16 barrel (ARDEC DWG 9349054, 8 November 2002) specifies a maximum 25 μm variance in the bore diameter, putting a barrel with a removed white layer very close to exceeding specifications. Partial removal of the white layer due to firing is expected to negatively influence system accuracy.
Reduction or complete removal this layer during manufacturing is highly recommended.
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