Once a stainless barrel has hit its end of useful life you'll start seeing accuracy suddenly drop off a cliff. Groups will start growing and shots will be off-call. Commercial chro-moly or chrome-lined GI chro-moly vanadium barrels lose their accuracy edge over a gentler decline slope.
A barrel dies at its throat and muzzle. Your best tool for checking is a borescope, but proof will be on-target performance.
If you're shooting real M855 or M193 I doubt you'll notice as that shit will group all over the side of a deuce-and-a-half, relatively speaking. GI MILSPEC acceptance of the gun-rifle combo is within 6 MOA, although real life has it around 1.5 - 2 MOA. If you never shoot past 100 yards you'll probably never notice.
Military armorers almost all use a throat erosion gage which does nothing except show you how big the throat is and how far your leades may be eroded. These measurements are all relative if you didn't gage the gun as-new before you started shooting.
A chrome-lined barrel seems to last longer, but borescoping and sectioning still show throats erode and chrome wears and chips on the highest points of rifling leades where bullet ogives initially contact rifling lands.


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