Ukraine, Israel, NATO, Germany, and the US all stated Russia blew the dam.
Ukraine struck the bridge deck with GMLRS during the Kherson offensive last year and damaged one of the floodgates, Russia blew charges set on the bridge deck and damaged some sluice gates during their withdraw.
The Russians have had control of the dam since capturing it in FEB2022, the control facilities are on the Russian side, Russian troops posted on social media about setting charges in the dam SEP2022.
The Russians allowed the water level behind the dam to rise over the last several weeks to the point of flowing over the top.
Social media posting from pro Russia sphere claiming responsibility immediately after breach, a few hours later all changed to blaming Ukraine.
Seismic anomalies detected in Romania and Norway at the time the dam blew suggest event was nearly instantaneous. Info from nearby residents along the lines of "all was quiet, then a big explosion, we ran out and saw the destruction" is pretty consistent
The dam was constructed by the soviets during the cold war, a design objective was resistance to western strategic bombing.
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